Ken Kesey Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Ken Kesey

Ken Kesey During the course of the last fifty years, society has changed significantly. In modern society a great emphasis is placed on individualism and diversity within a society. It is rare that an individual would be ridiculed or forced to change simply for not complying with what society views as "normal". This has not always been the case though. The nineteen fifties were much different. This was an era of social conformity. The members of society who were intent on maintaining this social state ostracized individuals who were considered "abnormal". Such "abnormal" individuals just simply accepted the fact that they were not part of this normal society. Because of society's influence, these people sought help in psychiatric wards in attempts to better themselves and thus fit into society. By doing so, they let society conform and mold them into what was thought as "normal". Ken Kesey was a man in this era that did not believe in social conformity. Kesey, along with his followers set off on a mission to open the minds of people who were focused on maintaining this status quo. Ken Kesey's journey led him to write One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest. This novel focuses on the struggle between individuals who are intent on keeping things the same with those who are considered "different". Harding is a character in the novel that is limited by opposing forces of society and who in turn, seeks refuge in hopes to be accepted. With the influence of McMurphy, Harding changes from an apprehensive "rabbit" to a self-assured man. This change illustrates Kesey's view that an individual can realize the worth of their life through self-acceptance and reliance on ones self rather than conforming to social norms. Harding admits himself in the psychiatric hospital because he is "abnormal" in a society that highly values normality. "[He] discovered at an early age that [he] was...different? ...[He] indulged in certain practices that...society regards as shameful"(pg. 294). Admitting himself in the hospital is Harding's way of succumbing to the forces of society. He simply accepts the fact that without help he will never fit in the "real world". Harding knows that "This world belongs to the strong..."(pg.62). For this reason he felt that is why he belonged in the hospital. The hospital is a place where "[a] good strong wolf like the Nurse [could] teach [them their] place"(pg.62). Initially with no self-esteem, Harding lets the Nurse and the other hospital staff tell him how to live. When initially questioned of his abnormal life by the other patients and the staff, "Harding [had] his thin shoulders folded nearly together around himself...his hands trapped between his knees...trying to look calm-but he's chewing his cheeks...not calm at all" (pg.54). Harding is a nervous man who finds it difficult to deal with his differences and simply follows society's commands in order to keep things easy. Harding's views and behaviors start to change slowly as he associates more with Randle McMurphy. McMurphy enters the ward involuntarily and has a much different outlook on life than the other patients. McMurphy places a great influence on being an individual and goes to great extents to be just that. He is a leader and not a follower. His straightforward tactics and self-confidence allow him to freely express his values. Along with these attributes, McMurphy also treats the other patients normal and does not treat them how society does. By treating them as equals and by instilling into them his views and ethics, they are able to see the world differently. McMurphy's concern with the music that "dulls the senses" shows another side of him as well. It shows his concern and consideration for his peers. A more important feature of McMurphy is that he shows no shame. This shows the patients, including Harding, that there is no need to fell shame for being who they are. Amongst these things, McMurphy teaches the patients the power of trying and believing in ones self. McMurphy attempts to lift the panel in order to try to escape and he fails. Even though he failed in the end, he still had enough confidence to try. The lesson is learnt that it is far better to try and fail than to never even try. Looking at McMurphy's actions and values shows that he is perceptive and sensitive to others. He is able to see the men's weaknesses and attempts to build them up. He hopes that in the end they will see Big Nurse's strategy and be able to stand on their own feet and fight

Mob Involvement with Prohibition essays

Mob Involvement with Prohibition essays In 1917 Congress passed the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution which prohibited the export, import, manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States. This new law is believed to have had the greatest effect on the twenties creating a feeling of rebellion and wild behavior. Many people thought this law violated there right to live by their own standards and have a good time. The Volstead Act passed by Congress set up penalties to all violators of the Eighteenth Amendment. Prohibition is one of the best things ever done by the United States Government. It single-handedly created new business opportunities and brought people together like never before. It had also created a booming new industry, and created a new way of life for many people. Unfortunately, none of these things were good things. The new business opportunities were all in the organized crime realm. With the banning of alcohol they saw an incredible boom in business. No longer did they have to rely on robbery, brothels and cons. There was a whole new business out there and it was making millions. Prohibition also united the American people more than anything since the World War. Everyone, from the poor to the rich, united to break the law. Even the police, yeah sure they will serve and protect, unless they find a better deal. The police were letting alcohol be made and sold right under their noses. The rich buy the booze to spice up their parties and the poor spend their time and money in bootleggers houses getting drunk. Rarely do the rich and the poor agree on anything. But, prohibition contributed to an increased sense of community and neighborly love. Prohibition also brought big business to the small businessman. Alcohol making used to be done by all the large companies. With prohibition the big companies were put out and the small businesses had to meet the demand. ...

Analysis on Climate Change and the Deterioration of the Environment

Analysis on Climate Change and the Deterioration of the Environment In the years spanning the twentieth through twenty-first centuries, global climate change and environmental degradation have steadily worsened due to human activity. Fracking, emissions, industries, modern agriculture, and poorly managed waste are just some of the many devastating ways that the human community has contributed to Earth’s environmental decline. Evidence of climate change cited by NASA include the following: the rise of sea levels, the rise of global temperature, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets, declining arctic sea ice, glacial retreat, extreme weather events, ocean acidification, and decreased snow cover (Climate Change Evidence†). These multitudes of scientific evidence support the phenomenon of global warming, making it an unequivocal occurrence that severely impacts the health of the Earth and, in turn, the well being of the global human community in its survival on planet Earth. Despite the mass amounts of evidence for climate change and environm ental degradation, there still exist populations that deny the validity of global warming on the basis of personal or religious belief. Whatever the reason for disbelief may be, the issue of global climate and environmental change does not fundamentally involve belief, but rather is a matter of scientific fact. The drastic change in the Earth’s environment is a phenomenon without borders and has induced worldwide concern. Unless more awareness is raised and greater environmental action is taken, the Earth’s environmental condition will only continue to worsen. Thus, global climate change and environmental pollution are part of an ongoing, grave, and pressing issue that demands the collective action of the international community, regardless of differing religious or ethical outlooks. That is not to say that religion cannot have a role in motivating people in taking environmental action because some religious teachings certainly do emphasize the importance of environmen tal ethics. Western religions teach that humans are to reflect the same care that the Creator has for them. For instance, the biblical teaching of mutual care for people, â€Å"love your neighbor as yourself,† and the idea of sacraments, or Christian expressions of divine love, can be geared towards care for the environment. Although religious thoughts and beliefs can influence environmental ethics, its fundamental guide must be scientific. In other words, even though religion can posit reasons for environmental action, science provides the more correct reasons and therefore, should act as the key motivator. Unlike religion, science provides universally undeniable evidence for the fragile reality of the Earth and this evidence should be the true elicitor for morally correct action in the environmental movement, demanding participation from the global community as a whole, regardless of individual moral or religious principles. Therefore, the need for environmental ethics and action owes more to the fact that it is essential for human survival than to a matter of choice or moral obligation guided by religious thought. One of the major opponents to enacting widespread and effective environmental action is social disposition, politics and legislation. Because religion is regarded with bias and controversy in the mainstream media, and thus society, it would not be substantial or appropriate as the main proponent for environmental ethics. Debate over what is right or wrong and what one religion teaches better than another would inhibit proper environmental progress. One scientific writing that did cause major social change through raising public awareness and, in turn, political action is the book, Silent spring, by Rachel Carson. In her book, Carson discusses the deadly effects of the pesticide, DDT, on the environment. She meticulously and scientifically described the process of DDT entering the food chain and building up in the fatty tissues of animals, humans included, and causing cancer and genetic damage. Expecting major reactions from chemical companies producing DDT, Carson collected a mass am ount of evidence supporting her writing that led to government investigation and ultimately the ban of DDT. One of the major legacies of Carson and Silent Spring is a new level of public awareness regarding environmentalism. With knowledge and this new awareness, everyone now had the potential to enact major social change. In chapter 17 of Carson’s book, she states the following: â€Å"We stand now where two roads diverge. But unlike the roads in Robert Frosts familiar poem, they are not equally fair. The road we have long been traveling is deceptively easy, a smooth superhighway on which we progress with great speed, but at its end lies disaster. The other fork of the road — the one less traveled by — offers our last, our only chance to reach a destination that assures the preservation of the earth† (Carson 114). Here Carson argues that, with the knowledge and awareness to act, society now needs to decide to take the appropriate action. Having the right to know, the knowledge that is needed to act, and the full ability to act are the parts of a successful formula for enacting mass environmental change. By writing Silent Spring, Carson provides the middle part of the formula, thereby changing the course of environmental activism for the better. The current environmental situation is similar to the DDT situation in that society has all the evidence it needs to act and, indeed, has made great strides in mediating the global climate change crisis. Therefore, following Rachel Carson’s model of using science to increase public awareness, modern environmental ethics has no necessity for religious guidance since morality—right or wrong—does not depend on religion, and science can provide the middle part of the discussed formula to enact social change. That is not to say that environmental ethics cannot be at least partially influenced by religious teachings, as this would not interfere with environmental action on a grand scale. Although religion should not provide the basis for environmental ethics, it certainly does have its merits in that it can motivate individuals enact positive environmental change under the moral guidance of their religions. In a lecture on religious environmental ethics by Keith Douglass Warner and David DeCosse at Santa Clara University, Warner and DeCosse discuss the environmental morals that are inherent in religious teachings. They argue that due to modernization of societies, the traditional religious attitudes toward nature have mostly disappeared. The lecture presented various writings on the issue of religious environmentalism and ultimately draws the conclusion that environmental action is an essential part of religion. Warner and DeCosse posit that western religious institutions had failed to lay out a â€Å"religious rationale for environmental protection,† but have since posited that the ecological crisis is a moral obligations for all human beings. They also put f orth the claim that environmental action is a sacrament, or â€Å"expression of divine love† since the creation of the whole world has religious significance for the religious community (Warner DeCosse). The position that is mainly argued is that the environmental ethics part of religion is something that is ancient and lost, but needs a revival to solve environmental issues in our modern world. Warner and DeCosse argue that the incorporation of environmental activism into religious teaching is a phenomenon occurring in almost every religion, but drawing general conclusions is difficult to do. This is due to the variety of religions on the planet and the fact that many religious environmental teachings and ethical practice are of a local scale while climate change is a matter of a global scale (Warner DeCosse). Thus, as this Santa Clara lecture explains, environmental ethics is an aspect of religion that has significant history. However, due to the diversity and locality of these teachings, it is difficult to draw a generalized and unified approach to solving environmental issues using religion alone. This idea of having a multitude of religious ideas within the broad spectrum of environmental ethics is explored in the article written by Jane Freimiller in the journal Capitalism, Nature, Socialism about the book Earth’s Insights: A Multicultural Survey of Ecological Ethics from the Mediterranean Basin to the Australian Outback by J. Baird Callicott. This article discusses the main points of the book: the cataloging of religious systems of thought, the provision of theoretical justification for doing so, and the report on the environmental movements that had religious backings. The article characterizes the book as a survey of world beliefs from the perspective of environmental ethics. In the discussion of the various perspectives on environmental ethics, the idea of the â€Å"shopping mall† dilemma arises, where one belief system out of the many varied beliefs in the world is picked over another in the grand goal of religious environmentalism. The solution proposed b y the book is to integrate all elements of the world’s religions and harmonize it with modern science (Callicott 152). The author of the article argues that a multicultural survey of environmental ethics, one that accounts for the differing views of several cultures regarding environmentalism, is a step in the right direction instead of formulating a new, integrated environmental ethic, as the book suggests (Freimiller). Therefore, Freimiller’s argument is convincing, as religion is so multifaceted that it is hard to unify the environmental movement under religion. Instead, a survey of world beliefs regarding environmental ethics seems like an appropriate part of the environmental solution that can incorporate religious thought, but is fundamentally scientific, as science is straightforward and universal. As demonstrated from the discussion of the two sources above, although religion can positively influence environmental ethics, it is too varied across the globe to form a consensus on environmental ethics. Thus, science would form the better basis for environmentalism as it is uniform and its proof is undeniable. The relationship between science and religion in the sphere of environmental ethics is one that carries great significance in the environmental movement. In Rebith of the Sacred: Science, Religion, and the New Environmental Ethos by Robert L. Nadeau, the author argues that to resolve the environmental crisis, it is essential that society changes its political and economic institutions as well as adapt to new standards for moral and ethical behavior. Nadeau proposes that the solution can be found if sufficient numbers of environmentally concerned people participate in the dialogue between the truths of science and religion. The truth of science, according to Nadeau is that it provides a link between the spirituality of religion and the human mind. That is, science can account for evolutionarily produced cognitive faculties that gives humans â€Å"the capacity to engage in spontaneous moral behavior and to experience the other as oneself† (Nadeau 143). Thus, Nadeau argues that m oral behavior is inherently derived from nature not nurture. In regards to the truth of religion, the author states that despite â€Å"differences in the narratives of the major religious traditions of the world, the most profound religious and moral truths are virtually identically† (Nadeau 145). Thus, Nadeau believes that all of the world’s diverse religions are interconnected and unified by the same thread of spiritual awareness. The author cited scientific research to align with this idea of common spiritual awareness when he stated the following: â€Å"Since the brain scans of the Buddhist monks and Catholic nuns were virtually identical, this strongly suggests that they were in very similar states of profound spiritual awareness.† Together, the truth of science and the truth of religion can be incorporated in Nadeau’s â€Å"New Environmental Ethos,† which is the combination of a â€Å"spiritual and physical reality†. Those who embrace this ethos, according to Nadeau, will view human pollution as immoral and see that neuroscience can explain emotional and unconscious processes that influence human behavior (Nadeau 146). Thus, Nadeau argues, science is in accordance with religious or spiritual morality as science provides the biological explanation for the neurology from which moral thoughts stem. In other words, the fundamental scientific truths are fully compatible with spiritual truths, as defined by Nadeau. However, having a common spiritual awareness across different religions may not translate to taking environmental action in the same fashion. Thus, discord can arise from differences in approaches to environmental action. This is supported by the fact that the Buddhists in the study mentioned by Nadeau sees a different spiritual being than the nuns. This may mean that the ways they worship and what they worship may differ and thus, the approach they take in environmentalism may differ. For instance, one may take direct action while the other takes on advocacy. What is essential for the health of the environment and the human population is not differing routes of environmental activism that may result in inefficiency but rather a unified, well-backed, and efficient approach that can lead to a common solution. Although Nadeau’s â€Å"New Environmental Ethos† does not necessarily conflict with the discord in differing religious views that lead to different environmental ac tion, his thesis treats science and religion as equally important components in environmental ethics, which they are not, and is not completely holistic. In his book, Nadeau states that moral reasoning is not the same as proactive moral behavior (Nadeau 147). In this sense, if science is assumed to be the basis for moral behavior, then the basis for environmental action can be mostly scientific. Then, the spiritual aspect of the â€Å"New Environmental Ethos† is simply an extraneous factor that can act as a motivator for environmental action. Nadeau’s religious environmentalism argument, which is heavy on spirituality, can also encounter a potential conflict with the atheist community. Since environmental change is a global issue, then a global solution encompassing all people must be devised. Nadeau’s â€Å"new environmental ethos† disregards atheists, which equates to disregarding the atheist community. This community makes up 11% of citizens that participated in the 2015 Gallup pole regarding religion (Losing our religion?†). Therefore, the â€Å"New Environmental Ethos† proposed by Nadeau i s not a holistic solution in that a necessitated global environmentalist approach needs to include all people, not just those who are religious or spiritual. While science is undeniably the basis of environmentalism, some may argue that religion can have a role of equal or greater importance in guiding environmental ethics. As mentioned before, various religions across the globe have long stressed environmental action and taking care of nature through religious teachings, texts, and the previously mentioned idea of â€Å"sacraments.† In Warner and DeCosse’s lecture, they also discuss a global, trans-religious phenomenon called â€Å"the Greening of Religion† in which many of the world’s religions are stressing environmental action as a moral obligation (Warner DeCosse). This similarity of environmental teaching among religions support the argument that religion does indeed have a role that is as or more important as science in guiding environmental ethics. In regards to the scientific side of the objection argument, some may say that science cannot account for morals and thus cannot account for environmental e thics. The same people may also posit that the purpose of religion is to impart moral values and thus influence environmental ethics in that fashion. That is, religious teachings influence moral values and what is right or wrong when it comes to environmentalism. In response to this argument, it is important to note that global warming is a scientific process. Without scientific evidence, there would be not enough awareness of global warming in the first place for the religious institution to call for environmental action. Though, with this scientific knowledge, religion is not necessarily essential to enact social change, as demonstrated by the impacts of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring. Science therefore can account for ethics and religion is not the only proponent of morality in regards to environmentalism. Thus, science is the only necessitated part of environmental ethics while religion can act as a possible secondary motivator in enacting environmental action. Through the holistic analysis of religion, the relationship between science and religion as they relate to environmental ethics, and the unified, mass social change that science alone is capable of initiating, as proven by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, it can be concluded that the fundamental guide to environmental ethics is science. Without the multiplicity of differing views and approaches that exists within religion, science can provide a clear and unified basis for environmental action for global community as a whole, regardless of individual moral or religious principles.

An issue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An issue - Assignment Example But on the other hand, pro-choice activists argue that this is essentially a red herring, as it assumes that life is automatically good, and that if the baby is brought to term everybody will be happy. Ultimately, although it is a very sticky issue morally, allowing individual women the right to practice abortion legally seems more moral than issuing a blanket denial of abortion for any women at all. The decision to make abortion legal in the early 1960s is one that was, and that continues to be, very controversial. However, it is an unquestionable fact that â€Å"legal abortion has unquestionably benefited women and their families† (Joffe, 54), in the main because these women no longer have to seek out dangerously unsanitary, black market options if they do not wish to bring a child to term. From this viewpoint, it is clear that one of the strongest arguments for legalizing abortion does not necessarily assume whether or not abortion itself is moral. It simply states that sin ce women will get abortions anyway, it is more moral to ensure that they can get abortions legally, as these abortions are safer. Joffe also notes that this is one of the biggest moral problems with anti-abortion movements, as they make for a situation where â€Å"the United States may well return to the situation of the pre-Roe era, when women of means managed to get safe abortion care and poor women often did not† (59) due to lack of easy access to abortion clinics. However, many people argue that the woman is not the person who has the strongest moral right in cases of abortion. Instead, they say, it is the unborn child or fetus who deserves to be protected the most. This is because they argue from a mostly Christian or at least religious standpoint, which holds that â€Å"life [is] a precious gift from God and that man [does] not have the right to kill the innocent child in the womb† (Karrer 528). From this standpoint, allowing abortion to be legal is essentially t he same as legalizing murder, as it kills a potential child who may otherwise have lived. This fact is central to understanding the pro-life view of abortion as an immoral evil, and explains why, despite the Roe V Wade case which legalized the practice nation-wide, there continue to be a number of groups who describe themselves as trying â€Å"to promote respect for the worth and dignity of all human life, including the life of the unborn child from the moment of conception† (Karrer 554). Nonetheless, this argument is a bit of a red herring. If all human life is worth upholding equally, then the woman’s life must also be upheld with dignity and worth. This is at the heart of why abortion is such a sticky issue, as the pro-life arguments must necessarily—or at least should—also focus on how to preserve and treat the life of the woman who wants the abortion. Apart from women’s health, keeping abortion legal can also have a big impact on women’ s social liberation. M. Castle notes that such religious arguments about abortion can sometimes turn from rhetoric to reality by making politics â€Å"profoundly anti-female and sustaining gender inequality† (1). In this argument, the morality of keeping abortion legal moves from a simple matter of health and to one of human rights. It is not just that legal abortion means

Managerial Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managerial Accounting - Assignment Example In an article by Shanker, she recognizes the importance of accounting information in providing managers with solid information that they could base their decision making (Par 1). The author further points out that accounting information eliminate the need for business executives to use personal perception and gut to make decisions (Shanker par 1). In addition, the article recognizes that accounting is used in understanding the appropriateness of strategies used to attain short term goals. Shanker points out that short term financial goals such as an increase in sales, amount of debt, number of creditors and level of loss can be accurately determined by providing accounting information (par 1). The article is of the assumption that to acquire accurate and effective accounting information; a business entity should be formulated in three steps. Firstly, the cash numbers should be acquired. Shanker points out that cash is the most significant asset in an organization (par 2). For this reason, executives should analyze how cash-wise an organization is, and use the information to plan for short and long-term financial expenditure. For instance, if a business has cash balance of $50,000 and requires purchasing assets worth $120,000, the manager should come up with alternatives that would raise the money without using the cash balance of the business. To understand the current financial data in organizations, most executives use ratios to analyze the financial position of their businesses (Shanker par 2). For instance, the current ratio is used to determine the ability of a company to pay its short-term debt. It is determined by comparing its current assets and liabilities. The second step is to mind the budget. This can be determined by analyzing the value of income and expenditure at a specific time. This ensures that the business runs of a specific budget. Shanker is of the assumption that; if a

What Qualities A Teacher Should Have Essay Example for Free

What Qualities A Teacher Should Have Essay Teachers play an important role in the education of every student. There are many who think that a teacher have a certain skill in teaching their students. I think that a teacher should obtain multiple qualities to be able to have the skill in teaching. In my view, a teacher must enjoy their job. They should do this because if they do not then they will become unhappy. Once a teacher is unhappy, they will not be able to perform well for their job. If a teacher is not able to perform well; how will a student be able to learn the proper skills for their subject? A teacher should have knowledge about their subject. If a teacher does not have the knowledge; how will he be able to guide his students towards the right path? The teacher should have knowledge because he will be able to share his knowledge with his students, which enables his students to learn more. I strongly believe that a teacher should present his subject in an interesting manner. If a subject is not presented in an interesting manner; how will students be able to obtain the information given to them? Students these days have very limited attention spans. If very vital information is being presented in a boring monotone voice; do you think students will remember this information? A teacher should be hardworking, caring, responsible and must like children. If a teacher is none these; how do you think a student will react? If a teacher is not hardworking; will he be able to actually teach a student something? If a teacher is not caring; will he able to gain the trust of a student? If a teacher is not responsible; will he be able to handle the welfare of a student? If a teacher dislikes children; will he be able to achieve in getting any information towards a student? In conclusion, I think in order to obtain a certain skill in teaching; a teacher must be able to have certain qualities such as the ability to appreciate his job, the knowledge of a subject, the ability to present their subject in an interesting manner, the ability to be hardworking, caring, responsible and the ability to like children. Teachers are counted as a noble profession as they shape the minds of tomorrow.

Lincoln Assassination :: essays research papers

he Lincoln Assassination On April, 14 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was shot while watching a performance of An American Cousin at Ford’s Theater. President Lincoln died the next morning. The person who had killed Lincoln was John Wilkes Booth. A few days before he was killed, Lincoln had told his spouse about a dream he had, he saw a president shrouded on a catafalque in the east room of the White House. Even after this dream he attended An American Cousin at Ford’s Theater. John Wilkes Booth thought the president was determined to destroy the constitution, set aside the rights reserved to the states, crush civil liberties, and restore monarchy. He saw the confederacy was the only means to of upholding the values of the founding fathers. He devoted much of late 1864 and early 1865 to a series of plots to abduct Lincoln and use his capture to nullify the Union’s war aims. Every scheme ending in frustration. After Lee had surrendered to the Army of the Potomac, in the second week of April, he saw that only the most desperate measures offered any hope of salvaging the Southern Cause. Shortly before he went into the theater, he stopped at tavern for a drink. While in the bar an acquaintance jokingly remarked that "he would never be as great as his father," Booth replied by saying "When I leave the stage, I will be the most talked about man in America." The Atlanta Campaign of 1864 In the spring of 1864, Gen. W. T. Sherman concentrated the Union armies of G. H. Thomas, J. B. McPherson, and J. M. Schofield around Chattanooga. On May 6 he began to move along the railroad from Chattanooga to Atlanta. Sherman had two objectives, one was to destroy the army of General J. E. Johnston and the other was to capture Atlanta. Johnston realizing that he was outnumbered started to retreat south. Sherman tried a direct assault on Johnston’s forces and was repulsed. Johnston had retreated back to the south bank of the Chattahoochee river. On July 17, John Bell Hood replaced Johnston as General. He tried to continue with Johnston’s plan, but failed to stop the advance of Union troops. He retired to Atlanta, which Sherman soon had under bombardment. On September 1 Hood abandoned Atlanta, the next day Sherman moved in and burned it. The Maryland Invasion A year after the confederate defeat at Gettysburg.

Sociology Unit G671

* Complicit masculinity – the ‘new man' that is willing to cook tea, pick up the children from school and put the washing on. * Subordinate masculinity – the ‘gay man' * Marginalised masculinity – the hegemonic man today. Associated with the working class, as this group of males can't get the typical jobs, mining etc due to loss of industry so they can't fulfil their ‘destiny' Firstly, the family socialises masculinity in a number of ways. A study by Ann Oakley argues that gender socialisation takes place in 4 ways: Manipulation – Parents encourage behaviour, which is seen as normal for the child's gender and discourage what is seen as deviant for example, boys are encouraged from an early age to take part in playing football and discouraged from taking part in ballet lessons. * Canalisation – this involves channelling the child's interests to toys and activities seen as normal for his or her sex. An example of this is boys playing with toy cars and ‘action men' Verbal appellation – the names that children are called which teaches gender appropriate behaviour for example, â€Å"big boys don't cry† and the tone of voice used. * Different activities – children are encouraged to involve themselves in different activities for example, boys playing together to make a camp. Although Ann Oakley did her research 30 years ago and is considered out of date, a more recent study by Joanna Smith (1997) reinforces Oakley's points. Feature Article –  Sociology TestA recent study also said that the family is stereotypically gendered to males, breadwinners and females, caring roles. (Charles 2002) This shows that boys can learn these roles from looking at their father's behaviour. Secondly media plays a role in influencing masculinity. There are a range of different Medias, we can actively choose what we watch on the television and what magazines we read, however, to a degree, it is all around us. The adverts that are on

Healthy environment Essay

A healthy environment to me would be a community with low pollution, stable economical levels, clean water and communicates who communicate well with one another. The residents in this community would be happy, and would encourage others to come live in their community (Maurer & Smith, 2013). There would be quality health care services available and good schools for the children to promote knowledge. This would help provide education to promote successful lifestyles (Maurer & Smith, 2013). Nursing cares could be provided depending on what the needs were. Nurses could hold seminars to provide the community ways to better their health. They can provide teaching to assist with decreasing pollution in their communities. If there is a high amount of respiratory illness in that community, then minimizing the pollutants would be beneficial. They could start smoke-free areas, teach about decreasing litter to prevent pests, then the pollutant of exterminating gases would be decreased. Nursing could gather statistics about the community’s health to provide information to help promote good health. Maurer, F.A. & Smith, C.M. 2013. Community/Public Health Nursing Practice: Health for Families and Populations, 5th edition. Retrieved from: http//pagebursts.elsevier.com

Adventures of Tom Sawyer Book Rep. essays

Adventures of Tom Sawyer Book Rep. essays Mark Twains, The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer, is a story told from the eyes of the young Tom Sawyer. The story takes place in the small rustic town of St. Petersburg Missouri. Tom Sawyer is the main character of the book. Tom is an imaginative young man who always seems to be getting into trouble. Tom is very adventurous, he never passes up a chance to play pirates, robbers, or soldiers. This book has multiple themes but the most important is knowing when its right to talk and tell the truth and when its better to be quiet or lie. At the beginning of the story Tom is introduced by climbing in his window after a long night of cavorting with his friends. Soon after the start of the story Tom meets Huckleberry Fin. Huck is a local outcast of society who likes to live by his own terms. Tom and Huck become good friends. One night the two boys go to the grave yard. While they are there they witness the murder of the town doctor, Mr. Robinson. The boys watched as Injun! Joe kills the doctor and frames a drunk by the name of Muff Potter who just happens to be at the wrong place at the wrong time. The boys swear never to speak of this again. Soon after this Tom falls in love with his new neighbor, Becky Thatcher. Eventually the two become engaged but the engagement falls through when Tom accidentally mentions his former love while talking with Becky. The two fued and do not speak. Meanwhile, the whole town is gossiping of the murder of Dr. Robinson and the prosecution of Muff Potter. A trail quickly forms and Muff is put on the stand. Tom knows he can not let the innocent Muff go to jail so as the trial comes to a close Tom testifies, proving Injun Joe guilty. This is the climax of the story. After the trial ends, the man hunt for Injun Joe begins. Tom is treated like a hero, but feels bad knowing that he broke Hucks oath. Becky and Tom soon become friends again after Tom takes Beckys punishment at school for being careless wi...

Inflation, Unemployment and Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inflation, Unemployment and Growth - Essay Example One disadvantage is the distortion in weighted averages. It may produce wrongful information on inflation. 3. The current inflation rate is at o.6%. The core rate of inflation is the annual rise in consumer expenditure. This rate was at 3.3%. The inflation rate for health care services was measured at 1.7%. This is with the gradual increase in the consumer price index of urban consumers. 4. A fall in price levels of a commodity over time is termed as deflation. One noteworthy thing brought on by deflation is a consumer’s purchasing power. More goods and services may be bought with little capital. It usually benefits people earning fixed income and consumers with less debt consumption. Japan’s experience with deflation started in the 1990’s. The creation of policies to end it did not assist. It did not create an increase in broad money which presented a problem. This led to an increase in deflation. There are more reasons to worry about deflation than inflation. One is the failure to repay debts. 5. Inflation is caused by the dependency of money-supply growth rate, and its relativity to the growth of the economy. To assist in reducing inflation, prices and wages need adjusting. This is to make other factors have a minimal effect on a trend line. 7. Internal method of valuing money involves the reverse value of prices. Increases in price levels mean that, the amount of goods purchased by a single unit also decrease. The external method of valuing money involves calculating the amount of foreign currency, which is bought from a domestic money unit. 8. The producer price index measures average changes in prices. These are prices expected by resident manufacturers for the total output produced. The use of the PPI is to measure the force being put on manufacturers by the costs of their raw resources. 12. Difference among the measures of unemployment, for example, U1 involves people who

Construction of the cash flows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Construction of the cash flows - Essay Example The users of the financial statements are very interested to learn how the business generates and uses it cash and cash equivalents during a particular period. Thus, the statement of cash flows is very important because the company wants to control the timing of the receipt and disbursement of cash. For, the company needs cash inflows to pay the budgeted and maturing cash outflows such as payables. The cash flow statement clearly shows the company management's ability to juggle the incoming and outgoing of funds. Also, cash inflows from operating activities are defined as those coming from it revenue generating activities. In our case, the airline tickets are bought because they need to visit the different revenue generating shops in different parts of the United States. Capital Budgeting (Maher, 1997; 279-20) involves deciding which long term investment to undertake and how they are financed. Examples are buildings, land, factory site, factory equipment and others. Furthermore, an item is capitalized, meaning recorded as building, equipment, factory and others, if they are tangible assets held by the enterprise for use of production of goods for sale and rendering services. And, the asset bought will be used over a period of more than one year. Thus, the airline tickets only benefit the day or the current accounting period when the flight was taken. Thus, the airline tickets do not fall under capital expenditures but only operating expenses. In the construction of the cash flows associated with the commercial airline contract option, should the analyst include the average cost of business class tickets Yes, because the average cost of business class tickets involves cash flow or cash disbursement or cash payment. As discussed above in the theory of accounts it is part of operating expenses in the cash flow statement. Appendix A shows that for an annual average of 48 annual trips consisting of 4 travelers per trip at $1,000 per round trip ticket, the annual cost for this specific year is $192,000. Also, for the following year at 50 trips at 4 persons per trip the total cost for that year in terms of plant tickets is $200,000. the continues the computation until the year reaches 79 flights in 1 year at 4 persons per year totaling $316,000. QUESTION In construction of the cash flows associated with the commercial airline contract option, should the analyst include the cost of upgrading a business class fare to a first class ticket yes, for the same reason above. The average cost of upgrading a business class ticket to a first class ticket involves cash flow or cash disbursement or cash payment. As discussed in the theory of accounts, it is part of operating expenses of the company to support its day to day operational management Appendix B below shows that for the year when there are 48 airline travels consisting of 4 persons per trip, the first class ticket at $1,300 per ticket will increase the ticket cost on this particular year to $249,600. This is $57,600 bigger than the computation of ticket at costs in Appendix A below. Also, for the year when 50 flights with 4 persons at $1,300 first class, the total airline ticket costs for that year is $260,000 which is higher than the above data by where the business class total cost for the year is only $200,000.